Mental health management in online learning media during the COVID-19 pandemic for students at private university

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted many sectors of people's lives worldwide, especially in the education sector. The COVID-19 pandemic in the education sector has disrupted students'mentalhealth. This study aimed to determine and identify the impact of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on students' physiological and mental health. Methods: This study used non-experimental with quantitative methods. It also used a descriptive survey research design. An instrument used in this study was the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) with a Guttman scale for students in 2020. The research sample was 378 people using simple random sampling. The data analysis used in this study was univariate. Results: Most respondents were 18-25 years (97.9 %). Based on the environmental conditions where students live in the red zone, 56.9 %. The distribution of students who experience mental health problems was 87 % of students experiencing psychotic symptoms, which was 90.2 %. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, students experienced quite high anxiety. More than half experienced the impact of COVID-19, and the experience of mental health problems is relatively high. © 2022 Academia Nacional de Medicina. All rights reserved.

Clinical Overview in Pregnancy with COVID-19 at prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Period of April 2020-March 2021

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are one of the populations that are susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection due to physiological changes during pregnancy that is an adaptive response to pregnancy such as diaphragmatic elevation, increased oxygen consumption, and airway mucosal edema which can also make pregnant women more intolerant of hypoxia. In addition to being vulnerable, COVID-19 in pregnant women may have a different clinical course from the general population. AIM: This study aims to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics in pregnancy with COVID-19 at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. METHOD(S): This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study using secondary data derived from patient medical records and carried out in the delivery room and medical record installation at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, for the period of April 1, 2020-March 31, 2021. RESULT(S): Of the 275 patients, most were in the age range of 26-30 years (46.55%), in the third trimester (81.45%), and patients came alone (54.18%). Most of the patients came without symptoms with reactive rapid antibody results (60.97%). Of the 197 patients who delivered, 84.77% had CS and 66.55% without oxygen therapy. About 69.69% of patients experienced complications and the mortality rate was 1.09%. The highest birth weight was >2500 g by 76.8%, with the good neonatal outcome (82.92%) and negative swab results (89.45%). Inflammatory markers tend to increase as symptoms increase. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, procalcitonin, and ferritin were markedly increased from moderate symptoms to severe-critical symptoms. The same was true for ferritin levels, where there was a sharp rise in significant symptoms. Meanwhile, procalcitonin levels have started to increase quite strikingly from moderate symptoms to the highest in severe symptoms. CONCLUSION(S): It is hoped that this demographic and clinical picture would further our understanding of COVID-19 and help us develop methods to lessen the disease's severity and spread to enhance maternal and newborn outcomes. Copyright © 2022 Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Kusuma, I Gede Mega Putra, Anom Suardika, Alisza Novrita Sari Funding: This research did not receive any financial.

Molecular Docking Analysis of Tetradodecanoic from Coix Essential Oil as Potential ACE2 Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Viral

ACE2 an enzyme is the functional receptor to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides having antibacterial activity, Coix essential oil is also reported to have antiviral activity. There is at the moment no effective treatment for this disease. It is of interest to use a structure-based virtual screening approach for the identification of potential ACE2 inhibitors of the main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 from tetradodecanoic of Coix phytochemical compound used to treat other influenza virus infection. The crystallographic structure with PDB ID: 1R4L of ACE2 in complex with the inhibitor XX5 was used as a model in the virtual screening of tetradodecanoic collected from the GCMS analysis of Coix essential oil. Molecular docking analysis was performed using the standard AutoDock vina protocol followed by ranking and selection of compounds based on their binding affinity. This analysis reported the optimal binding features of tetradodecanoic to the active site of the ACE2 for further consideration as potential SARS-CoV-2 antiviral. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

Potential of Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi) essential oil in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection via blocking the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor

Covid-19 is an ongoing pandemic as we speak in 2022. This infectious disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which infects cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the cell surface. Thus, strategies that inhibit the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor can stop this contagion. Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi) essential oil contains many bioactive compounds, including dodecanoic acid;tetradecanoic acid;7-Amino-8-imino-2-(2-imino-2H-chromen-3-yl);and 1,5,7,10-tetraaza-phen-9-one. These compounds suppress viral replication and may prevent Covid-19. Accordingly, this study assessed whether, these four limonoid compounds can block the ACE2 receptor. To this end, their physicochemical properties were predicted using Lipinski's “rule of five” on the SwissADME website, and their toxicity was assessed using the online tools ProTox and pkCSM. Additionally, their interactions with the ACE2 receptor were predicted via molecular docking using Autodock Vina. All the four compounds satisfied the “rule of five” and tetradecanoic acid was predicted to have a higher affinity than the comparison compound remdesivir and the original ligand of ACE2. Molecular docking results suggested that the compounds from hanjeli essential oil interact with the active site of the ACE2 receptor similarly as the original ligand and remdesivir. In conclusion, hanjeli essential oil contains compounds predicted hinder the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor. Accordingly, our data may facilitate the development of a phytomedical strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. © Korean Society for Plant Biotechnology

IN SILICO STUDY OF THE TOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY PREDICTION OF JAMBLANG (Syzygium cumini) LEAVES ESSENTIAL OIL AS ACE2 INHIBITOR

ACE2 is a type 1 membrane integral glycoprotein which is highly expressed in the respiratory tract (lungs). The presence of excessive ACE2 becomes an opportunity for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and the beginning of its pathogenesis. The mechanism of ACE2 inhibition or suppression of this enzyme is one of the targets for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. Syzygium cumini (jamblang) is an aromatic herbal plant that has broad-spectrum pharmacological properties, one of which is as an antiviral. This study aims to predict toxicity and predict compound activity against ACE2 receptors (PDB ID 1R4L). Previously, the predictions of physicochemical properties have been carried out using the SwissADME application. The physicochemical properties refer to Lipinski's Five Laws. The results showed that jamblang leaf essential oil complied with Lipinski's Five Laws with 0 errors each. Furthermore, the prediction of toxicity was carried out using the pkCSM Online Tools and Protox Online Tools applications. The results of the LD50 value and the classification of toxicity classes were classified according to GHS. Jamblang leaf essential oil compound had the highest LD50 of 5000 mg/kg and belongs to class 5. The prediction of compound activity was done using the Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) application. The 1R4L receptor was said to be valid because it had an RMSD value <2. The best and lowest A. Rerank score (RS) of the comparison drugs was the essential oil compound of Jamblang leaf with RS of-73.338 kcal/mol. Jamblang leaf essential oil compounds interact with the ACE2 receptor (1R4L) in cavity 4. With this prediction, it had ACE2 inhibitory potential, so jamblang leaf essential oil compounds could be recommended for further development as candidates for antiviral drugs. © 2021, SILAE (Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine). All rights reserved.